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kendane͡ivash [2020-01-19 16:50] – Grammar notes from old wiki pinkgothickendane͡ivash [2024-06-28 20:50] (current) – pinkgothic
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-**Kendane͡ivash** is the language of the [[:Threadwielder|Threadwielders]]. Part of the Threadwielder [[:Threadwielder:Commons]], it acquires vocabulary whenever someone adds to said vocabulary. Conflicts are possible: +**Kendane͡ivash** is the language of the [[:Threadwielder|Threadwielders]]. Part of the Threadwielder [[:Threadwielder:Commons]], it acquires vocabulary whenever someone [[:Kendane͡ivash:Word formation|adds to]] said vocabulary.
- +
-  - someone might define a word for a widget in one part of the universe and someone else might define a word for the **same kind of widget** in another part of the universe, in which case both words will be used +
-  - someone might define a word for a widget in one part of the universe and someone else might define **the (coincidentally) same word** for a different kind of widget in another part of the universe, in which case standard practise is to use the word for both things if possible, either by respecting 'regional' meanings or by, should it be ambiguous in a given area, clarifying in some fashion. +
- +
-New vocabulary is rarely added to the Commons, though, and Threadwielders are generally happy with Kendane͡ivash as-is.+
  
 A canonical dictionary can be found on [[https://tarnish.thorngale.net/kendaneivash/foreign|the Tarnish website]]. A canonical dictionary can be found on [[https://tarnish.thorngale.net/kendaneivash/foreign|the Tarnish website]].
  
-===== Nature =====+===== Characteristics =====
  
-By inherent design, //Kendane͡ivash// is not a spoken language, but an **encoded** one. It's more comparable to [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTF-8|UTF-8 Japanese characters]] than it is comparable to the rendering of said characters. Indeed, glyphal alphabets for //Kendane͡ivash// vary from place to place, and pronunciation often starkly differs between cultures, where //Kendane͡ivash// is //spoken// at all. It's just as likely someone might encode //Kendane͡ivash// into light pulses or gestures.+By inherent design, //Kendane͡ivash// is not a spoken language, but an **encoded** one. It's more comparable to [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTF-8|UTF-8 Japanese characters]] than it is comparable to the rendering of Japanese glyphs. Indeed, glyphal alphabets for //Kendane͡ivash// vary from place to place, and pronunciation often starkly differs between cultures, where //Kendane͡ivash// is //spoken// at all. It's just as likely someone might encode //Kendane͡ivash// into light pulses or gestures.
  
 If the mode of communication is not clear, the person initiating a conversation will begin with a recital of the //Kendane͡ivash// [[:Kendane͡ivash:numbers|numerals]] until the other party acknowledges (or the initiator begins to suspect the mode of communication chosen is so unclear that the other party isn't even aware that communication is being attempted (or the communication attempt is outright invisible to their sensors)). If the mode of communication is not clear, the person initiating a conversation will begin with a recital of the //Kendane͡ivash// [[:Kendane͡ivash:numbers|numerals]] until the other party acknowledges (or the initiator begins to suspect the mode of communication chosen is so unclear that the other party isn't even aware that communication is being attempted (or the communication attempt is outright invisible to their sensors)).
  
-==== Alphabet ====+See also:
  
-There are 21 "consonants" in //Kendane͡ivash// and 11 "vowels"; these have separately defined alphabets. +  * [[:Kendane͡ivash:Alphabet]] 
- +  * [[:Kendane͡ivash:Grammar]] 
-The standard Latin transcription used by the author consists of all standard Latin characters, **plus** the extra character //s̈// and **minus** //c//, //w// and //x//. +  * [[:Kendane͡ivash:Word formation]] (see also: [[:Kendane͡ivash:numbers]] and [[:Kendane͡ivash:elements]])
- +
-In other words, these Latin letters are used: +
- +
-| a | b | d | e | f | g | h | i | j | k | l | m | n | o | p | q | r | s | s̈ | t | u | v | y | z | +
- +
-The consonant alphabet is transcribed as follows: +
- +
-| z | sh | s | r | l | h | b | p | n | m | v | f | th | t | d | j | g | q | k | ks | s̈ | +
- +
-  * //f// is more often rendered as //ph// +
-  * //k// may be optionally rendered as //c// (such as in [[:character:Valcen]]'s name), usually when the author feels that using //k// would make the word look too much like someone slipped and fell into German. +
- +
-The vowel alphabet is transcribed as follows: +
- +
-| o | u | a | i͡u | e͡i | i | i͡y | y | a͡i | u͡i | e | +
- +
-==== Grammar ==== +
- +
-=== Plural forms === +
- +
-Plural nouns are denoted using the suffix //-a// or //-'a//, e.g. //vahra// or //vahr'a// would be //worlds//. +
- +
-=== Personal Pronoun Inflections === +
- +
-There are three inflections on personal pronouns: Possessive, reflexive and honorific. +
- +
-  * //-i// for the possessive form, for example //sai// means //my//. +
-  * //e// replaces the last letter for the accusative form, for example //se// means //me//.\\ Not an exception: The accusative form of //e// is still //e//. That being said, some dialects might render it as //y// instead.\\ Exception: The accusative form of //na'a// is //ne'a//. +
-  * //-'ik// for the reflexive form, for example //sa'ik// means //myself//. +
-  * //-qa// or //-qua// (compound word usually capitalised) for the honorific form, for example //Nakwa// would be an honorific form of //you//. +
-  * //-qi// or //-qui// (compound word usually capitalised) for the honorific possessive form, for example //Naqi// would be an honorific form of //your//. +
- +
-Note that //zetu// inflects as //Zetakwa// and //Zetakwi// rather than as //Zetuqa// and //Zetuqi// - though someone would definitely still be understood if they used latter. //e// inflects as //a// for the possessive form, but otherwise behaves normally (//Eqa//, //Eqi//). +
- +
-There are also two common contractions: +
- +
-  * //-'n// as a contraction of the pronoun and "//to be//", for example //sa'n// means //I'm//. +
-  * //-'s// as a contraction of the pronoun and "//should//" or "//ought to//", for example //sa's// means //I should//. +
- +
-=== Adjective Inflection === +
- +
-  * //-'ar// denoting "//more -//", e.g. //temi'ar// for //warmer//. +
-  * //-'arar// denoting "//most -//", e.g. //khalei'arar// for //craziest//. +
-  * //-ma// to create an adverb((This does not usually stack with //'is// (unless it's necessary to remove ambiguities). For example, //szamhama// is //securely// (from the noun //szamha//, security, synonymous with and reduced from //szamha'isma//), and //khaleima// is //crazily// (from the adjective //khalei//).)). +
- +
-=== Verb inflection === +
- +
-All base forms of verbs end in a vowel and an //s//. The 's' is dropped for tense and person inflections (e.g. //kas̈uie// is the future second person of //kas̈us//). +
- +
-  * future II ([[http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Conditional_mood&oldid=554020209#German|present conditional]]) +
-    * //sa -so// +
-    * //e -no// +
-    * //na -o// +
-    * //na'a -io// +
-    * //ka/ra/zetu -to// +
-    * //va -sol// +
-  * future +
-    * //sa -saye// +
-    * //e -naye// +
-    * //na -ie// +
-    * //na'a -ye// +
-    * //ka/ra/zeto -taye// +
-    * //va -sayees// +
-  * present tense +
-    * //sa -s// +
-    * //e -n// +
-    * //na -// +
-    * //na'a -i// +
-    * //ka/ra/zetu -t// +
-    * //va -sis// +
-  * factual past tense +
-    * //sa -ses// +
-    * //e -nes// +
-    * //na -es// +
-    * //na'a -ies// +
-    * //ka/ra/zetu -tes// +
-    * //va -sises// +
-  * speculative past tense +
-    * //sa -st// +
-    * //e -sin// +
-    * //na -si// +
-    * //na'a -isi// +
-    * //ka/ra/zetu -sit// +
-    * //va -sil// +
- +
-Two other inflections exist: +
- +
-  * //das̈'-// to imply that the action described by the verb is expected (ought to, shall do, should do) +
-  * //ze͡i'-// to imply that the action described by the verb is probable (could do, may do, might do) +
- +
-==== Derivative words ==== +
- +
-=== Adjectives === +
- +
-Nouns can be turned into adjectives with a simple suffix: +
- +
-  * //-'is//, meaning "//having the attributes of -//", e.g. //adaryr'is// would be //nightmarish//. +
-  * //-'ei//, meaning "//not having the attributes of -//", e.g. //aiit'ei// would be //optionless//. +
- +
-=== Nouns === +
- +
-Nouns can be turned into different, related nouns with some suffixes or prefixes: +
- +
-  * //-'iij//, meaning "//a group that has (or is) -//"((roughly equivalent to //-hood// or //-ship// in English)), e.g. //valcee'iij// might be used to describe a particular group of warriors ("//a group that has strength//"). +
-  * //iku'-//, meaning "//virtual -//"((simulated, electronic or digital, but without any connotation of non-existence)), e.g. //iku'preeth// might be a blog. +
-  * //ji'-//, describing connected space between two or more of the base noun((roughly equivalent to the English prefix //inter-//)), //ji'los̈a// could be "//interplanetary space//"((To get only the adjective "//interplanetary//", apply an adjective modifier: //ji'los̈a'is//)). +
- +
-=== Verbs === +
- +
-Verbs can be turned into different, related verbs with some suffixes or prefixes: +
- +
-  * passive negation, //-'va//, not doing something; //sras̈as'va// would be "//not to plead//". Verb inflection happens before the //'va//, e.g. //ne͡ivat'va// is third person form of //ne͡ivas'va//. +
-  * active negation, //ta'-//, doing the opposite of something; //ta'kas̈us// might be "//to wake up//". +
-  * repetition, //tsu'-//, doing something again / once more, resuming something; //tsu'qanos// would be "//to live again; to resurrect//".+
  
 ===== Spread ===== ===== Spread =====
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 ==== kavkema ==== ==== kavkema ====
  
-The most //notable// users of the language are the [[:kavkem|kavkema]], for whom - due to [[:character:Evenatra]]'s extreme //presence// during their cultural genesis - the language was something of a baseline and now continues to be used as a form of 'weakest encryption': While regular conversation is usually in the lingua franca of the [[:Nayabaru]] ([[:Nayabaru:Naya]]), conversing in their "//ancient tongue//" (formally called //Kendane͡ivash//) can, in a pinch, buy them a few minutes head-start while someone struggles to translate on-the-fly.+The most //notable// users of the language are the [[:kavkem|kavkema]], for whom - due to [[:character:Evenatra]]'s extreme //presence// during their cultural genesis - the language was something of a baseline and now continues to be used as a form of 'weakest encryption': While educated kavkema can speak the lingua franca of the [[:Nayabaru]] ([[:Nayabaru:Naya]]), conversing in their "//ancient tongue//" (formally called //Kendane͡ivash//) can, in a pinch, buy them a few minutes head-start while someone struggles to translate on-the-fly.
  
 That this "//ancient tongue//" is still actively expanded by them (causing there to be a slew of kavkem-specific //Kendane͡ivash// words) does not make them refer to it as anything else. The Nayabaru may sometimes call it //kavkemic//, though. Or, you know, "//the language those terrorists use//". That this "//ancient tongue//" is still actively expanded by them (causing there to be a slew of kavkem-specific //Kendane͡ivash// words) does not make them refer to it as anything else. The Nayabaru may sometimes call it //kavkemic//, though. Or, you know, "//the language those terrorists use//".
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 ==== Draconics ==== ==== Draconics ====
  
-<fc #ff0000>**WARNING**</fc>: The following material has not yet had a chance to become canonical.+<color #ff0000>**WARNING**</color>: The following material has not yet had a chance to become canonical.
  
 Some [[:kazeqen|Draconic]] subcultures use //Kendane͡ivash//, especially when interacting with Threadwielders (i.e. almost surely [[:character:Zalaagra]]), but knowledge of the language is much more spotty than it is with kavkema, as it is usually not the main tongue of the respective culture. In most places that are aware of //Kendane͡ivash// at all, the language shares a status broadly comparable to [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto|Esperanto]] with humans. Some [[:kazeqen|Draconic]] subcultures use //Kendane͡ivash//, especially when interacting with Threadwielders (i.e. almost surely [[:character:Zalaagra]]), but knowledge of the language is much more spotty than it is with kavkema, as it is usually not the main tongue of the respective culture. In most places that are aware of //Kendane͡ivash// at all, the language shares a status broadly comparable to [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto|Esperanto]] with humans.
  
-===== Neologisms, Nonce Words and Names ===== 
- 
-==== Portmanteauing ==== 
- 
-In the Threadwielder tongue, new words are created chiefly by drastic portmanteauing of composite words. In so much as it's possible, pronounceable and not too outlandish, words are occasionally outright folded into each other, as long as the composite word can still strongly insinuate its base words. 
- 
-An extreme example: The name "Evenatra" stems from //evenatar//, as the composite of //evenar// and //venat//, forming '//grace of the sky//'. Most portmanteauing is not //that// extreme - names are more frequently reduced to this form as an aesthetic exercise more than a fundamental attempt at brevity. 
  
-Think of it like poetry. 
kendane͡ivash.1579452647.txt.gz · Last modified: 2020-01-19 16:50 by pinkgothic