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--- nayabaru:naya [2020-01-18 04:52] – pinkgothic
+++ nayabaru:naya [2025-01-03 15:56] (current) – Another possessive form pinkgothic
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-**<fc #ff0000>WARNING</fc>: This article is still work-in-progress.**
 **Naya** is a simple language constructed from what was originally a basic substitution cipher of [[:Kendane͡ivash]].
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 ===== Characteristics =====
-The Nayabaru know many more consonant digraphs than the kavkema, which is a point of (mostly subconscious) pride, and part of what fuels their opinion of kavkema as a bit dimwitted.
+The Nayabaru know many more consonant digraphs than the kavkema (although they are not digraphs when written in the Naya alphabet, where they have their own glyph), which is a point of (mostly subconscious) pride, and part of what fuels their opinion of kavkema as a bit dimwitted.
 Ironically, the Naya language simplifies some parts of Kendane͡ivash, by tightening the incidental correspondence of certain suffixes to certain types of words into strict rules:
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 ^ et     | verbs        | **chabret** (to respect) |
-Notably is the absence of an "I" in Naya. There is a "we" which is used with caution, or the ability to refer to oneself in third person. In some dialects, there are degenerate forms of 'we' or third person pronouns that usually immediately imply the speaker. The Nayabaru do have a sense of individual identity, but they only value it so much.
+===== Pronouns =====
+^ Pronoun ^ Meaning ^
+^ segt    | we, of our profession |
+^ sefl    | we, of our community  |
+^ setke-  | we, pursuant of the goal ..., e.g. setkena͡imel 'we who seek guidance' |
+^ se      | we, not further qualified |
+^ kegt    | they, of their profession |
+^ kefl    | they, of their community |
+^ ketke-  | they, pursuant of the goal ..., e.g. ketkena͡imel 'they who seek guidance' |
+^ ke      | they, not further qualified. |
+^ negt    | you (plural), of your profession |
+^ nefl    | you (plural), of your community |
+^ netke-  | you (plural), pursuant of the goal ..., e.g. netkena͡imel 'you who seek guidance' |
+^ ne      | you (plural), not further qualified. |
+Singular pronouns don't formally exist (although verbs may clarify). Nayabaru often simply talk about groups of one as they would talk about a larger group.
+This means there is no "I" in Naya. There is the unqualified "we", which is used with caution, or the ability to refer to oneself in third person, usually by name. In some dialects, there are degenerate forms of 'we' (e.g. ''sel'' is used in Lower Cetaros) or third person pronouns that usually immediately imply the speaker (e.g. ''felke'', literally not-they, used in parts of Vatenas, or ''re'', widely understood in Tabraan). The Nayabaru do have a sense of individual identity, but they only value it so much.
+There is no pronoun for things. The pronoun is simply omitted. Whether omission of the pronoun fully implies 'thingness' is dependent on region and context.
+**There are many ways to use the Nayabaru system for insults or slights**:
+  * 'ke' and 'ne', used for someone whose affiliations are clear, is universally considered a deep insult.
+  * omission of the pronoun in regions and contexts where this is considered an implication of 'thingness' is an insult. (It will just be confusing in other cultures.)
+  * using goal-plurals instead of profession-plurals, if they're the same, can be an insult //or a flattery//, entirely depending on context.
+  * usage of singular modifiers when something reflects (or should reflect) a group choice is various degrees of offensive. (e.g. "negt heshetur", or "netkeheshet heshetur", 'you (plural) who seek to protect, (singular) defend')
+Possessive forms are denoted, in ascending order of formality, either by simple affixing the pronoun to its subject (e.g. 'krishe͡ilnegt'), by suffixing -he͡itr to the pronoun (e.g. 'negthe͡itr'), literally from he͡itresh (possession), or by turning a title into an adjective to prepend to the subject (e.g. 'Karesejati krishe͡il').
 ===== Inflections =====
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   * **tna͡uchety͡ir** - you (singular) may strike
-**Past tense** (rarely used - past actions often have a present tense characterisation; past tense is only used when differentiation for clarity is absolutely necessary):
+**Requested future tense** (used when requesting a future action from someone, the English "would you x?" becomes "you x?"):
+  * **tna͡uchetto** - would we please strike
+  * **tna͡uchetno** - would they please strike
+  * **tna͡uchetro** - would you (plural) please strike
+  * **tna͡ucheton** - would it please strike / would another please strike
+  * **tna͡uchetor** - would you (singular) please strike
+**Past tense** (archaic - effectively absent in modern Naya, where past tense is replaced with observations on present consequences):
   * **tna͡uchetta͡u** - we struck